According to the source, Charles Hoskinson said a 'poisoned transaction' in November split Cardano into two chains and created reimbursement uncertainty even for operators who followed protocol, source: Charles Hoskinson via X video posted Dec 20, 2025. That disclosure signals temporary consensus divergence that can affect ADA transaction finality and exchange processing until remediation, source: Charles Hoskinson’s description of a chain split via X video posted Dec 20, 2025. Traders should increase confirmation counts for ADA deposits/withdrawals, monitor official Input Output Global updates for fixes and a post‑mortem, and track order-book spreads and funding for liquidity stress, source: risk controls aligned with Hoskinson’s chain‑split disclosure via X video posted Dec 20, 2025.

According to Patrick McCorry, zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs) significantly improve the speed and efficiency of validating blockchain data by allowing users to quickly verify the truth of a statement or block. However, ZKPs do not address transaction finality, which still requires robust consensus protocols to determine the correct order of valid blocks. For traders, this distinction is critical as it affects the scalability and security of blockchain networks, influencing the reliability of platforms that utilize ZKPs for transaction validation but rely on separate mechanisms for finality. As adoption of ZKP technology grows, understanding its limits and trading on networks with strong consensus remains essential for risk management (source: Patrick McCorry).