According to the source, Vitalik Buterin said Ethereum is nearing a turning point with PeerDAS data availability sampling now live and zkEVMs in the alpha stage, describing a fundamentally new decentralized network design that can solve the blockchain trilemma. Source: Vitalik Buterin public statement, Jan 2026. For trading, these scaling milestones indicate lower data costs for Layer 2 rollups and higher throughput, dynamics that previously coincided with fee compression and increased L2 activity after the Dencun upgrade introduced EIP-4844. Source: Ethereum Foundation Dencun upgrade announcement, Mar 2024; Vitalik Buterin public statement, Jan 2026. Traders should monitor ETH spot and perpetual funding, L2 transaction counts, rollup fees, and gas consumption across zkEVM ecosystems as the market prices in the Ethereum scaling roadmap with PeerDAS. Source: Vitalik Buterin public statement, Jan 2026.

According to @Tetranode, Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum’s combination of PeerDAS on mainnet and ZK-EVMs at alpha with production-quality performance means the scalability trilemma is solved with live running code, while safety work remains for ZK-EVMs; he expects small portions of the network to use ZK-EVMs in 2026. Source: x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041; x.com/Tetranode/status/2007613446616231952. Vitalik states PeerDAS is already live on mainnet and ZK-EVMs are production-quality on performance today, with the trilemma solution emerging from these components; he frames this as a fundamental shift to a decentralized, consensus-enabled, high-bandwidth network. Source: x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041. He outlines a rollout timeline: in 2026, non-ZK-EVM-dependent gas limit increases driven by BALs and ePBS with first opportunities to run a ZK-EVM node; in 2026–28, gas repricings, state structure changes, and execution payload moving into blobs; in 2027–30, further large gas limit increases as ZK-EVMs become the primary way to validate blocks. Source: x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041. For context, he contrasts previous p2p paradigms—BitTorrent (high bandwidth, decentralized, no consensus) and Bitcoin (decentralized with consensus but low bandwidth due to replication)—with Ethereum’s intended decentralized, consensus, high-bandwidth design under PeerDAS and ZK-EVMs. Source: x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041. Vitalik also highlights distributed block building, aiming to minimize centralized interference in transaction inclusion and improve geographical fairness through in-protocol or marketplace-based mechanisms. Source: x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041. He notes this was a 10-year journey starting from early DAS research and links the first commit of his data availability and erasure coding note. Source: github.com/ethereum/research/wiki/A-note-on-data-availability-and-erasure-coding/52e1d03b0254cded8b67105be17ba9890b7ad8d3; x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041.

According to @VitalikButerin, PeerDAS is live on Ethereum mainnet and ZK-EVMs are at alpha with production-quality performance while safety work remains, positioning Ethereum for decentralized consensus with high bandwidth. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He states this combination effectively solves the scalability trilemma in practice, with data availability sampling live today and ZK-EVM performance production-quality, and outlines a rollout: 2026 non-ZK-EVM-dependent gas limit increases via BALs and ePBS and first opportunities to run a ZK-EVM node; 2026–28 gas repricings, state structure changes, and exec payloads moving into blobs; 2027–30 further large gas limit increases as ZK-EVM becomes the primary block validation method. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He emphasizes distributed block building as a third pillar, aiming for blocks never being constituted in one place and advocating in-protocol channels such as expanded FOCIL or out-of-protocol distributed builder marketplaces to reduce centralized interference and improve geographic fairness in transaction inclusion. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He notes this is the culmination of a decade of work from early data availability sampling research and that ZK-EVM efforts began around 2020, referencing his original note on data availability and erasure coding. Sources: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041; Ethereum Research Wiki GitHub https://github.com/ethereum/research/wiki/A-note-on-data-availability-and-erasure-coding/52e1d03b0254cded8b67105be17ba9890b7ad8d3 For traders, the key on-chain milestones to track per the stated roadmap are the 2026 gas limit increases, the 2026–28 gas repricings and state changes, and the 2027–30 shift toward ZK-EVM-based validation and distributed block building. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041

According to @VitalikButerin, the Ethereum Foundation historically emphasized cryptoeconomics, BFT consensus, and blocks while underweighting the p2p networking layer (source: @VitalikButerin, X, Dec 8, 2025). According to @VitalikButerin, that gap has closed and PeerDAS is evidence of improved p2p capabilities on the ETH network (source: @VitalikButerin, X, Dec 8, 2025). According to @VitalikButerin, he credited @raulvk and others for contributing to PeerDAS and the networking work (source: @VitalikButerin, X, Dec 8, 2025).

According to Binance Research, Ethereum has completed the Fusaka hard fork and deployed Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS). According to Binance Research, the upgrade is estimated to cut Layer-2 transaction fees by 40% to 60%. According to Binance Research, the change enables the L2 ecosystem to target over 100,000 transactions per second.

According to @VitalikButerin, PeerDAS in Fusaka literally is sharding, allowing Ethereum to reach consensus on blocks without any single node seeing more than a tiny fraction of the data (source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Dec 3, 2025). He adds the design is robust to 51% attacks through client-side probabilistic verification (source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Dec 3, 2025). He characterizes this as a significant development for Ethereum (ETH) (source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Dec 3, 2025).

According to @BullTheoryio, the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade will go live today and combines Osaka, Fulu, and PeerDAS, positioning it as a major network release relevant to traders. According to @BullTheoryio, the upgrade could spark ETH’s next supply crunch and is framed as a material change for ETH, with PeerDAS integration cited as a key catalyst for the shift in supply dynamics.

According to @BullTheoryio, an Ethereum upgrade dubbed Fusaka is claimed to go live on Dec 3, lifting block gas capacity to 150M from 45M and adding PeerDAS and Verkle Trees to make Layer-2 transactions cheaper and verification lighter, which they say could raise ETH fee burn and demand. Source: @BullTheoryio. There is no official Ethereum Foundation or AllCoreDevs confirmation of a mainnet upgrade named Fusaka or a Dec 3 date in publicly documented materials through late 2024, and Verkle Trees did not have a finalized mainnet activation timeline in those sources. Sources: Ethereum Foundation blog; Ethereum AllCoreDevs updates. The claim that a prior upgrade called Pectra triggered a 50% weekly ETH rally conflicts with recorded upgrade history, where Shanghai/Capella occurred in April 2023 and Dencun in March 2024, with no mainnet Pectra executed in that period. Source: Ethereum Foundation blog release history. Trading takeaway: treat Dec 3 as an unverified catalyst; before positioning, confirm an official announcement plus client release notes with a mainnet fork block number across multiple clients such as Geth and Nethermind, and monitor ETH spot, funding, and options implied volatility for rumor-driven swings. Sources: Ethereum client teams’ release process documented by Geth and Nethermind; Ethereum Foundation blog; @BullTheoryio.

According to the source, Vitalik Buterin said a proposal called Fusaka will address Ethereum’s blob usage issues and emphasized a safety‑first rollout using PeerDAS so nodes can verify data availability without downloading full blocks; source: the provided social media post dated Sep 25, 2025. PeerDAS enables probabilistic data availability checks by light clients and is designed to increase data throughput for rollups, which the Ethereum Foundation links to lower L2 data costs via the EIP‑4844 blobs rationale; source: Ethereum Research forum discussions on PeerDAS (2023–2024) and Ethereum Foundation EIP‑4844 specification and rationale.

According to @VitalikButerin, Fusaka prioritizes safety and centers on PeerDAS to enable a live blockchain where no single node must download full block data, a design aimed at robust data availability for scaling. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025. He explained that PeerDAS has each node request a small number of chunks to probabilistically verify that more than 50 percent of chunks are available, after which nodes can download those chunks and use erasure coding to recover the rest. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025. In the first version, full block data must still exist in one place for initial broadcasting and for reconstruction when a publisher releases between 50 percent and less than 100 percent of a block, but these roles are untrusted and require only one honest actor to succeed even if many are dishonest. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025. He added that future cell-level messaging and distributed block building will distribute even these remaining functions. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025. Core developers will be highly cautious on testing, and the blob count will increase conservatively at first before becoming more aggressive over time. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025. He stated PeerDAS is key to L2 scaling and eventually L1 scaling once the L1 gas limit is high enough to place L1 execution data into blobs, framing Fusaka and PeerDAS as central to Ethereum’s scaling roadmap. source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Sep 24, 2025.

According to @Gajpower, the Ethereum roadmap emphasizes prioritizing core crypto innovations over traditional Web2 software approaches. Key trading-relevant upgrades include the integration of unified binary Merkle structures, RISC-V EVM compatibility, and network-wide SSZfication, all designed to enhance scalability and security. The focus on zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP), delayed execution, and advanced data availability solutions (peerDas and 2D das) is expected to streamline transaction processing and reduce network congestion. For traders, these technology shifts signal potential for increased Ethereum throughput and lower fees, factors that historically correlate with higher ETH price action and greater DeFi ecosystem participation (source: @Gajpower, Twitter, May 17, 2025).

According to Vitalik Buterin, there is a plan to implement Fusaka on Layer 1 with PeerDAS, targeting a 48/72 blob limit. This development is crucial for traders as it may enhance scalability and efficiency in blockchain transactions. The goal is to initiate a Fusaka testnet with these parameters immediately after the Pectra system goes live, which could significantly impact transaction throughput and trading activities on the blockchain. (Source: Vitalik Buterin's Twitter)

According to Vitalik Buterin, Fusaka's integration on Layer 1 with PeerDAS and a 48/72 blob target/limit is planned for 2025, with the aim to establish a testnet post-Pectra's launch, suggesting potential scalability improvements and new opportunities for traders.